SOCIAL SECURITY LAWS IN NIGERIA: PROVIDING SUPPORT AND ASSISTANCE TO THE VULNERABLE POPULATION

Abstract

Nigeria's social security laws, such as National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), the Pension Reform Act, and the National Social Insurance Trust Fund (NSTIF), mostly target workers in the formal sector. Limited coverage is provided to vulnerable groups, including women, children, people with disabilities, and workers in the unorganized sector. This paper meticulously examines the situational concerns of social security laws as they pertain to all vulnerable groups in Nigeria. Chapter II of the Constitution, which addresses 'Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy,' encompasses crucial legislation on the provision of adequate food, shelter, medical supplies, health facilities, education, care for the elderly, disability benefits, and the National minimum wage using language that appears mandatory. However, the Court has ruled that it is not justiciable considering the vulnerability of disadvantaged people in obtaining any kind of social assistance from the government, viewing it as merely a declaration. Considering these challenges, recommendations have been proposed to enhance the enforceability of Chapter II of the Constitution. Strengthening the legal mechanisms to ensure the protection of vulnerable groups is crucial in advancing social justice and equality in Nigeria.